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KMID : 1161520210250060434
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Animal Cells and Systems
2021 Volume.25 No. 6 p.434 ~ p.444
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Phylogeographic study of the Bufo gargarizans species complex, with emphasis on Northeast Asia
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Lee Chang-Hoon
Fong Jonathan J.
Jiang Jian-Ping
Li Pi-Peng
Waldman Bruce
Chong Jong-Ryol
Lee Hang
Min Mi-Sook
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Abstract
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We conduct a phylogeographic and population genetic study of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) to understand its evolutionary history, and the influence of geology and climate. A total of 292 individuals from 94 locations were genotyped for two mitochondrial loci (cytb, ND2) and five nuclear introns (Sox9-2, Rho-3, CCNB2-3, UCH-2, and DBI-2), and we performed a suite of phylogenetic, population genetic, and divergence dating analyses. The phylogenetic trees constructed using mitochondrial loci inferred B. gargarizans being divided into two major groups: China mainland and Northeast Asia (Northeast China, Russia, and Korean Peninsula). As with previous studies of this species, we recover population genetic structure not tied to geographic region. Additionally, we discover a new genetic clade restricted to Northeast Asia that points towards the Korean Peninsula being a glacial refugium during the Pleistocene. The weak phylogeographic pattern of B. gargarizans is likely the result of multiple biological, anthropogenic, and historical factors ? robust dispersal abilities as a consequence of physiological adaptations, human translocation, geologic activity, and glacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We highlight the complex geologic and climatic history of Northeast Asia and encourage further research to understand its impact on the biodiversity in the region.
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KEYWORD
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Amphibian, Bufo gargarizans, phylogeny, Northeast Asia, Korean Peninsula, pleistocene, glacial refugia
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